TPMS sensors: Modern vehicles have tire-pressure sensors in or near each wheel. Many transmit a unique sensor ID by short-range radio. Bartec describes diagnostic equipment being capable of displaying both the vehicle's VIN and TPMS sensor IDs.

Application from Tortured Genius Enterprises LLC, describes a system intended to:

intercept TPMS radio transmissions from passing vehicles;

extract the sensors' unique identifiers;

associate those identifiers with a particular vehicle;

determine vehicle location;

connect the identifier with outside databases;

potentially retrieve make, model, VIN and owner information;

maintain historical observations;

predict future locations/behavior;

direct law enforcement to intercept a vehicle.

https://networks.imdea.org/your-cars-tire-sensors-could-be-u...