> Trains shouldn’t even be manually driven in 2026

Potentially, but the point is that signallers should physically be unable to allow trains to proceed, and drivers should physically not be able to override them. British signalling from the 1800s has physical interlocks; this isn't a matter of manual versus automatic train operation. It is clearly systemic.

Yeah, if you completely ignore availability as a problem. The state of the art self-driving technologies we have today only work in some conditions, some of the time.

The reason vehicles are still driven manually is because humans rely on transportation every day, all of the time.

Driving a train and driving a car are two completely different challenges.

If signaling worked properly then it wouldn't matter whether the train was driven autonomously or not, the "problem" becomes trivial. Establishing and continuously verifying that signaling is working properly is the hard part.

Without signaling you're limited to crawling speed just like humans are when they don't have any signalling .

We do not have self-driving cars in all environments that clear the necessary security regulation! Also the socially accepted number of deaths due to trains is way below that for cars. The current accident is just a Tuesday for car traffic. (Spain recorded 1785 road deaths in 2024[1], that's 4.9 per day) Detecting objects (and future objects!) on a train track is still a hard problem.

The current system is basically that the train is driven both automatically and by a professional attentive driver at the same time. Changing it to just the automatic system is going to reduce safety. Also the real world is way to messy to reach acceptable availability rates with only automatic systems.

[1] https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/spain-road-safe...